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Graph-Based Strategies for Optimizing Wildfire Supression
Authors: J. Aveiro; D. Neves; Paulo J. Silva; A. Gameiro Lopes; C. Viegas; O. Oliveira; F. Nogueira; Jaime Oliveira da Silva
Ref.: 7(1), 015002 (2026)
Abstract: We present an algorithm for wildfire suppression based on graph theory that builds on realistic simulations of the propagation, is efficient, produces results in a short time, and has the potential to help achieve a faster suppression of a real fire. The graph-based suppression algorithm, which looks for the selection of the best locations to attack the suppression of wildfires, is formally correct, and its complexity is computed. The performance of the algorithm is compared to random and brute-force approaches. The simulations demonstrate that the graph-based algorithm outperforms the other two, being one order of magnitude faster than the brute-force approach. Furthermore, based on extensive computer simulations using real-life wildfire data, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. We also present a set of real-life wildfire data for wildfires that occurred in Portugal. The algorithm has potential for operational applications, supporting fire-suppression strategies and aiding civil protection agencies, insurance companies, and forest management services. It is expected to assist firefighters in determining optimal fire propagation strategies.
