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Constraining the high-density behavior of nuclear symmetry energy with direct Urca processes

Authors: Olfa Boukari, Tuhin Malik, Aziz Rabhi, Constança Providência

Ref.: Phy. Rev. C (PRC) (accepted) (2024)

Abstract: The density dependence of the symmetry energy in relativistic mean-field models with density dependent couplings is discussed in terms of the possible opening of nucleonic direct Urca processes inside neutron stars, which induce a very rapid cooling of the star. The modification of the parametrization of the isospin channel of two models, DD2 and DDMEX, keeping the same isoscalar properties is considered and the implications are discussed. Within the models discussed it is not possible the onset of nucleonic direct Urca processes in stars with a mass below ∼1.6−1.8M⊙. The lowest masses that allow direct Urca processes are associated to a slope of the symmetry energy ∼60 MeV and a symmetry energy incompressibility close to zero. It is shown that the parametrization of the isospin channel proposed destroys the correlation between symmetry energy slope and incompressibility previously identified in several works.

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