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Vortex and gap generation in gauge models of graphene

Authors: O. Oliveira, C. E. Cordeiro, A. Delfino, W. de Paula, T. Frederico

Ref.: Phys. Rev. B 83, 155419 (2011)

Abstract: Effective quantum field theoretical continuum models for graphene are investigated. The models include a complex scalar field and a vector gauge field. Different gauge theories are considered and their gap patterns for the scalar, vector and fermion excitations are investigated. Different gauge groups lead to different relations between the gaps, which can be used to distinguish experimentally the gauge theories. In this class of models the fermionic gap is a dynamical quantity. The finite energy vortex solutions of the gauge models have the flux of the magnetic field quantized, making the BohmAharonov effect type active, even when external electromagnetic fields are absent. The flux comes proportional to the scalar field angular momenta quantum number. Zero modes of the Dirac equation show that the gauge models are compatible with fractionalization and that quantum Hall effects in graphene do not, necessarily, require an external electromagnetic field.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.155419

URL: prb.aps.org